Pneumatic hammer.



UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

' REINHOLD A.- NORLING, or AURORA, ILLINOIS, AssIoNOR Tov AURORA AUTOMATIC MACHINERY COMPANY, or AURORA, ILLINOIS, A CORPORATION OFILLINOIs.

PNEUMATIC HAMMER.

specmcauon of Letters raient. patented Aug 22, 1911.

Applicationled December 19, 1910. Serial No. 598,059

To all .whom it may concern:

Vlle it known that I, REINIIOLD A. Non- Lrxo, a lcitizen of the United States, and a resident ofl Aurora, iii-the county of Kane and State of Illinois, haveinvent'ed certain This invention relates to a portable pneu-' matie tool` or hammer of that class embrac- 16 ing a barrel or.cylinder, a piston or plunger adapted to move therein, and a control,

ling' valve through which the-air or other fluid under pressure is admitted to and permitted to-escape from the opposite end of 20 the barrel or cylinder to give reciprocatoify niovementto the plunger therein.

The invention is illustrated and'deseribed herein as applied to a "chipping hammer, otherwise known as a short stroke hammer,

and consists of the eombinatiomof parts hereinafter described and more particularly pointed out in the appended claims. In the drawings :--F igure 1 represents a longitudinal sectional view through the hammer in a plane containing the central axis of' the barrel. or cylinder. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section through the valve which controls the supply and exhaust of air to and from the' opposite ends of` the cylinder, the section being in the same plane as ,that of Fig. '1, but the movable member of the valve being shown in a different position than that-in which it is shown Yin Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of. the

4 central axis of the valve, the plane of the section beingat an angle to that of the section shown 1n Figs. 1 and 2. Fig. 4 is a longitudinal section throu h the central u xis of thel valve, the plane o the section being atan angle to that of Fig. 3, with the movable member of the valve being in a ditler- 'E ent position from. that shown in Fig 3. Fig. .5 is a cross-section through Fig. 4 on the line 5-5 thereof, the lanes-of the sections of Figs. 2, 3 and 4 eing respectively indicated by the lines, 2-2, 3 3, and 4:7--4 onsad Fig. 5..

`The main features ofthe hammer are subatantially identical with those of the 4hammershown in an application for Letters Patent of the UnitedStates filed by4 ine on "the 17th day ofjDecemb'er, 1910, SerialNo.

597,865 the' particular improvements `referred to hereilirelating to certain novel features of .construction in the valve block and valve ring. i

In the drawings, A represents the barrel or cylinder of the hammer B, the piston or plunger adapted to reciprocate therein; C, the tool-carrying nozzle; D, thetool, in this casega chisel; and E, the hollow head which is rigidly secured to the rear end of thecyl- Inder or barrel A and has a rear end wall Ei.; f r I The valve mechanism for4 controlling the admission and exhaust of air into and from the cylinder embraces a valve block`H".provided with-exhaust and admission ports-and an annular or ,cylindrie valve ring .Jsur

rounding said valve "block, and arranged to slide en dwise thereon .to open and close said portsLsaid'va-lve ring being provided with oppositely facing differential ressure areas. Said villve block is confine between the rearend of the barrelantl the end wall El of the hollow head and, as shown inthe drawings, is made in two parts,-a body member H and a cap member I. The valve block H is provided with a recess or cham- Vber h1 at its forward end, said lchamber having a rear end wall h2 and an annular wall It, and with a recess or chamber I3 at its rear end. The valve ring member J has a larger pressure area J1 and a smaller pressure area J 5 which are respectively opposed `to annular shoulders H1 and I2 formed in the outer annular' surface of the valve block H".

K indicates the main exhaust ports adpted for the exhaustof air from the inner, end of the cylinder, said exhaust ports extending through the annular wall ha ofthe., chamber at the forward end of the valve block I--Ix `and opening through the -outer surface of said valve block.

R indicates the main admission ports adapted foi-the supply of air 4to the inner end -of the cylinder, s aid orts opening at their inner ends throughtlie rearend. wall 7i of said chamber h1 and at their outer ends into an annular oove R1 formed inthe outer surface of t e valve block ,and located a little forward of the annular shoulder I2 thereof. y

I? indicates the main supply ports which lextend from the live air chamber I'a at. the

' shoulder Iz o rear-end of the valve block to an annular groove I for-mediar the outer surface of the valve block ad'acent to and in front of its smaller area. A constant supply of live air is thus provided against the smaller pressure area J of the valve rmff.

is a' longitudinal exhaust passage in the wall of the cylinder which opens by a port m into the cylinder at its forward end and exhaust port `extends at its rear end into t e valve-block H* and there opens by a port Q1 against the larger ressure area J1 of the valve ring.

At its orward end said passage opens by ports Q2 andQa into the cylin er, the port Qzbeing an admission port which is adapted to be uncovered by an annular slot or channel B1 in the piston on its outward stroke, while the port Q3, which is located forward of the port. Q, isan exhaust port adapted to be covered by theforward end ofthe piston on the outward stroke but to be uncovered thereby on its 'return stroke to relieve the pressure on the larger pressure area of the valve-ring J. h

T, T indicateauxiliary, longitudinal exhaust passages located in the wall of the barrel A and Topening into the cylinder at their forward ends by ports T2 which are adapted to be uncovered by the forward end of the piston on its return stroke simultaneously with the uncovering of vthe exhaust port Q3,and opening at their rear ends by ports T1 into the exhaust space X about the controlling valve.

N is a longitudinal passage in the cylinder which opens at its forward end by a port Nl into the cylinder at a point in a transverse plane with the 'port Q and adapted to be uncovered simultaneousl with. said port by the channel or groove 1, in the piston so as to connect the passage N with the passage Q leading to the larger .pressure area Aof the valve ring. The rear end of said longitudinal passage N extends into the valve block Hx to a port N2 by means of which it opens into the s ace between the smaller pressure area J 5 o the valve-ring and k.the shoulder I of the smaller area of the valve-block.

The passage N thus receives a constant siigply oflive air. 'which adapted to b 'to the admission port for J formed in the inner surface of said valve-V f ring, which channel is adapted to open into the supply port P, adapted fofj the supply of air to the forward end of the cylinder, when =the valve-ring is in its rearward position.

Saidchannel at the same time opens into a port N" by'means ofwhich the live aii` passage N opens through theouter surface of the valve-block H". Thus,`when the valvering is in its rearward position, the live air passage-N is connected by the port N", the channel J dinal passage M, so as `to supply air to the forward ehd of the cylinder to ton on it-s return stroke. The passage N thus serves to supply live air not only to the larger 'ijpressure area of the valve-ring to shift the same rearwardly, but to supply air the forward end of the cylinder when the valve -ring has been t-hus shifted. 1

Intermediate the smaller pressure area J of the valve ring and the channel J xthereof is located a set of. circularly arranged exhaust por-t1 openings J 3 one of which is adapted, when the valve ring is .in itsforward position, to register with the exhaust ort M through which the exhaust from the orward end of the cylinder escapes. When the valve ring is in its rearward position said ports J 8 register with the admission groove R1, into which the admission ports R for the rear end of the cylinder open,.thus providing an auxiliary exhaust for the rear end of the cylinder through said admission ports R. A

. The operation of the hammer is apparent from the above description. The live air chamber Itis directly open to the-throttle valve chamber as in the hammer described in the application above referred to, so that the opening of thethrottle valve admits a supply of live air through the ports I4 to the smaller pressure area J5 of the valve ring. Starting with the piston B at the rear 'end of its return-stroke and the valve ring J at the forward limit of its' movement, the main exhaust ports K for the rear endcof the cylinder areclosed; one of the port' openings J is in register with the exhaust port M1 so that communication is tween the exhaust space X and the forward end of the barrel; the smaller pressure area Js of the.valve ring is forward of the admission slot R1 in the outer surface of the' drive the pisand the port P with the longituestablished bethe admission "of air to theforward end of,

the cylinder. As the valve nears the outer limit ofy its power stroke, the port Q, is closed byitlie forward end of theY piston and communication Ais opened between the ports N1 and Q2, by the channel or groove B1V of the piston, 'thus connecting the live air passage N- with the passage Q, leadincr to the larger pressure area 31 of the va ve-ring.

This ciects a rearward movementot the.

valve-ring, against the constant live air pressure on its smaller pressure area J5. By this rearward movement, the main exhaust ports' K for the rear end of the cylinder are opened; the smallerpressure area J5 is shifted to the -rear of the admission slot R1, thus cutting oi the supply of live airto the rear' end of the cylinder; the port openings J of the valve-ringd are shifted rearwardly of the exhaust port M1, thus cutting olf theexhaust from the forward end of the barrel and are brought to register with said admission slot R1, thus opening the admission ports R for the rear end of the cylinder to the exhaust space X so that said admission ports act as auxiliary exhaust ports for the real-.end of the cylinder; and the channel'J* of the valve-ring is brought into the plane of the supply port I opening into the assage'M and of the port N leading\to. t ie live air passage M, thus connecting tlie forward end o the barrel with the live air supply, so as to drive the piston .on its returnxstroke. When the forward end of the piston uncovers'the exhaust port Q3 of the passage Q, leading to the larger pressure area of the valve-ring, it at the same time opens the exhaust ports T2 opening into the exhaust passages T, thus relieving the pressure on said larger pressure arca oil thevalvc ringl und pern'iitting the'valve ring to move to its forward position under the-constant live air pressure on its smaller pressure arca. The parts are then in the )of-.zition first described, the piston starts ack on its return stroke and the operation continues as before.

It will be noted that in this case as in the case of the hammer described in the application referred to above, the admission ports R'for the inner end of the cylinder and the ,sup ly orts I"i are Ainclined outwardly and the s ots R? and I in the outer annular surface of the valve-block into which they. respectively open are closely adjacent. It'will also be seen that thelongi- 65 tudinal passages which pass into or through `provided with a circuniferentially exten the valve block are `drawn vinward' toward its longitudinal central axis. A'sliort valve blocif and one of comparatively smallldianeter is thus made possible, `without limiting the number and cross-sectional area ofi-the ports and passages therein. Y "l i I claim as my invention z- 1. The combination with a -cyli'ndrand a reciprocating plunger therein, of" it". dii 4, i trolling valve at the rear of' the cy'lin'dozr` fdr "75 controlling the admission and exliiitisf't'd'i'i air into and-from the 'cylinder embrg'viufa valve block member -and a 4valve rngnigifb'er, said valve ring member having'foppbgsitely facing differential pressureV areas-"aiid "S0 being adapted to move cndwisev on said-,valve block, said valve block andcylinde'r -\v al1- being provided with laterally separated,

longitudinal paages, each of ivliiclihasi port' o ening tbroughtlie bearmg'surface :85 of sal valveblock, one of said passages par.'

opening into said cylinder at a `-pointtnear its forward end and the other opening into said cylinder at a point intermediate its ends, means providing a constant supply ofl air to the shorter one of said passages, means controlled by the piston for connecting said shorter passage with the larger )rcssnre area ofthe valve ring, and said va vering being provided with a circumferentially extendingchannel adapted to connect the said ports opening through the bearing surface of the valve block when said valve ring is in its rear position.V

2. Tlieicombiiiation with a cylinder and a 10o reciprocating pluncer therein, of a. controlling valve at the rear 0- the cylinder for controlling the admission and exhaust of air into and .from the cylinder embracing a valve block member and a valve ring member, said valve ring member having oppositely facing diierential pressure areas and beingv adapted to move endwise on said valve. block, said valve block and cylinder Wall being'provided with a longitudinal ex- 110 haust passage adapted for the exhaust of air from the forward end of the cylinder and with a longitudinal live air passage laterally separated therefrom, said exhaust passage having an exhaust port and an admission p'ort, each opening through the b earing surface of said valve-block at lono'itudinally Vspaced points intermediate 1tie ends of said valve block, said live airpasl) sage having a port opening throughthe 1"() bearing surface of said valve-block, means controlled by the piston for connecting said live air passage with the larger pressure arca of the valve ring, said 'alve .ring bein ing channel adapted'to connect said admission port of the exhaust passage, and said port of the live air passage when said valve ringis in its rear Iposition, and said valve ring being provided with a port opening .adapted to .register with said exhaust port vwhen the valve ring isin its forward position. A A 3. The-combination with acylinder and .-a reciprocating plunger therein, of a controlling valve at the rear of t-he cylinder for controlling the admission and exhaust of air into and from the cylinder embrac- 4mg avalve block member and a valve ring member, said valve ring member having oppositely facing differential pressure areas and belng adapted to move endwise on said valve block, said valve block andcylinder wall being provided with a longitudinal exhaust passage adapted for the exhaust-of air- Vfrom the forward end of the cylinder and with a longitudinal live air laterally separated therefrom,

v ing sur m .dinally spaced olntslntermedlate the ends passage passage having an exhaust port and an admission 1port each opening through the bearace of said valveblock at longituof .said valve lock, said live air .passa-ge having a port o ening through-the bearing surface of sai trolled bythe piston for connecting said live air passage with ,the-larger pressure area of the valve ring, said valve ring being `provided with a circumferentially extendlng channel adapted to connect. said admis- 30 sion port of the exhaust passage and said .'pprt of the live air paage -when sai'd valve said exhaust December, A. D. 1910.

REINHOLD A. NORLING.

' Witnesses CHARLES BnosE,

CHAS. -H. GREENE.

valve-block, means con- 2 5, 

